Manifestations of Civilization and Science in the Ottoman Empire – Schools and Endowments as a Model

Abstract

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our master Muhammad, his family, his companions, and his household, and may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him more.The historical stage (1299 AD - 1923 A.D. / 923 - 1337 AH) of Islamic history is called: the Ottoman era, or the Ottoman history, even if the Ottoman rule did not include all Islamic cities; though it included most of them, as it extended over the widest area of ​​those regions.